Overview and Clinical Significance
11-Hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS) are adrenal-derived corticosteroids, including cortisol and corticosterone, that regulate stress response, metabolism, and immune function. These compounds are primarily synthesized in the adrenal cortex under the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
Clinical Significance
- Adrenal Insufficiency: Low plasma 11-OHCS levels may indicate inadequate adrenal function, as seen in Addison’s disease or secondary adrenal insufficiency.
- Cushing’s Syndrome: Elevated 11-OHCS levels are commonly observed in Cushing’s syndrome, where excessive cortisol production leads to symptoms like weight gain, hypertension, and glucose intolerance.
- Acute Stress Response: During severe infections, myocardial infarction, or metabolic crises, plasma 11-OHCS levels tend to rise as part of the body's stress adaptation.
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders: Cortisol influences glucose metabolism, and abnormal 11-OHCS levels have been linked to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
- Endocrine Disorders: Variations in 11-OHCS excretion patterns can provide insights into adrenal function in disorders like congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and certain forms of androgen excess.
These steroids serve as valuable biomarkers for adrenal function and stress response, aiding in diagnosing endocrine disorders and guiding treatment decisions.
