Overview and Clinical Significance
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell (WBC) essential for immune defense, infection control, and immune memory. They are primarily found in blood, lymphatic tissue, and mucosal surfaces, where they help identify and eliminate pathogens.
Clinical Significance
- Types of Lymphocytes:
- T cells: Regulate immune responses and directly attack infected or abnormal cells.
- B cells: Produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens.
- Natural Killer (NK) cells: Destroy virus-infected and cancerous cells.
- Infections & Immune Disorders: High lymphocyte levels may indicate viral infections, while low levels can signal immune suppression or bone marrow dysfunction.
- Autoimmune & Inflammatory Conditions: Lymphocytes play a role in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
- Cancer & Hematologic Disorders: Abnormal lymphocyte counts may be linked to leukemia, lymphoma, or chronic inflammatory conditions.
- Diagnostic & Therapeutic Applications: Lymphocyte testing helps assess immune function, infection status, and hematologic health.
Lymphocytes are key regulators of immune defense, influencing infection resistance, immune surveillance, and disease progression.
