Overview and Clinical Significance
Lead in blood is a biomarker of lead exposure, indicating environmental contamination, occupational hazards, and systemic toxicity. Lead is a heavy metal that can accumulate in the body, affecting multiple organ systems.
Clinical Significance
- Neurological & Cognitive Effects: Lead exposure is linked to neurodevelopmental delays in children, memory impairment, and cognitive dysfunction in adults.
- Cardiovascular & Renal Toxicity: Chronic lead exposure contributes to hypertension, kidney damage, and vascular inflammation.
- Hematologic & Immune Dysfunction: Lead interferes with red blood cell production, leading to anemia and immune suppression.
- Occupational & Environmental Exposure: Common sources include lead-based paint, contaminated water, industrial exposure, and soil contamination.
- Diagnostic & Therapeutic Applications: Blood lead testing is essential for screening, exposure assessment, and chelation therapy decisions.
Lead toxicity is a serious health concern, influencing neurological, cardiovascular, and hematologic function.