Overview and Clinical Significance
CYFRA 21-1 (Cytokeratin Fragment 21-1) is a tumor marker primarily associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but it has also been studied in head and neck cancers. It is a cytokeratin breakdown product released into the bloodstream by cancerous epithelial cells, aiding in cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and prognostic assessment.
Clinical Significance
- Lung Cancer Detection & Monitoring: CYFRA 21-1 is commonly used to track NSCLC progression, with elevated levels correlating with tumor burden and disease severity.
- Head & Neck Cancer Prognostic Value: Studies suggest CYFRA 21-1 may serve as a biomarker for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), with higher levels linked to shorter survival rates.
- Other Malignancies & Non-Cancerous Conditions: Elevated CYFRA 21-1 levels can also be seen in bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, and benign lung diseases, requiring careful interpretation.
- Treatment Response & Monitoring: A sudden increase in CYFRA 21-1 levels during follow-up may indicate tumor recurrence, though its sensitivity for detecting recurrence is moderate.
CYFRA 21-1 is a key biomarker for lung and head & neck cancers, influencing diagnostic accuracy, treatment monitoring, and prognostic evaluations.
