Overview and Clinical Significance

Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) is a glycoprotein primarily produced by the fetal liver and yolk sac during development. In adults, AFP serves as a tumor marker, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of certain cancers and liver conditions.

Clinical Significance

• Liver Cancer & Tumors: Elevated AFP levels are commonly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and germ cell tumors.
• Prenatal Screening: AFP testing is used in pregnancy to assess the risk of neural tube defects (e.g., spina bifida) and chromosomal abnormalities.
• Germ Cell Tumors: High AFP levels may indicate testicular, ovarian, or other non-seminomatous germ cell tumors.
• Liver Disease & Cirrhosis: Chronic liver conditions, including cirrhosis and hepatitis, can lead to mild AFP elevation.
• Cancer Monitoring & Treatment Response: AFP levels help track tumor progression and treatment effectiveness.

AFP testing is widely used in oncology, hepatology, and prenatal diagnostics, providing valuable insights into tumor biology, fetal development, and liver health.
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