High Protein C Levels

• Rare Genetic Variants – Some individuals may have naturally elevated Protein C levels without clinical significance.
• Compensatory Response – In certain conditions, the body may increase Protein C production to counteract excessive clotting.

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Low Protein C Levels

• Protein C Deficiency – A genetic or acquired condition that increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism.
• Liver Disease – Since Protein C is synthesized in the liver, conditions like cirrhosis or hepatitis can reduce its levels.
• Vitamin K Deficiency – Protein C requires vitamin K for activation, so deficiencies (due to malnutrition or warfarin therapy) can lower its levels.
• Severe Infections or Sepsis – Inflammatory states can lead to excessive consumption of Protein C, contributing to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

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Life-Phase Considerations for Protein C

• Newborns – Naturally lower Protein C levels at birth, which gradually increase over time. Severe congenital deficiency can lead to purpura fulminans, a life-threatening clotting disorder.
• Adults – Protein C deficiency may remain asymptomatic until a triggering event (such as surgery, pregnancy, or prolonged immobility) increases clotting risk.
• Elderly – Age-related changes in coagulation may alter Protein C activity, increasing susceptibility to thrombotic events.

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Coagulation Markers

• Protein C:
  A natural anticoagulant that helps prevent excessive clotting by inactivating specific clotting factors.
  
  
• Prothrombin Index:
  Reflects the efficiency of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, providing insight into the blood’s capacity to form clots.
  
  
• Serum Fibrinogen:
  A key factor converted into fibrin to stabilize clots; it also rises during inflammatory states.
  
  
• Peripheric Blood Thrombocytes (Platelet Count):
  Platelets are essential for primary hemostasis, aggregating at injury sites to initiate clot formation.

Together, these markers offer a comprehensive view of the coagulation system—from clot formation to its regulation—assisting in the evaluation of bleeding or thrombotic disorders.

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